Wednesday, February 26, 2014

A632.7.4.RB_LarsonKurt, Collaborative Decision Making

Reflect on the role of collaboration and getting to resolution in the process of decision-making. Rarely, if ever, do our decisions affect only ourselves. Consider the importance of getting other stakeholders involved; how can they help you make a better decision for all?  Detail a specific situation where you are faced with the decision, describe the process you went through and the outcome you were seeking. Identify 5 ways stakeholder involvement can help you make better decisions.  Did you achieve your objective?  Looking back at the decision you made and its consequence, was there anyone else that would have added value to the process? Identify 3 ways you may use this learning experience to make better decisions in the future?

“Leadership has been described as a process of social influence in which one person can enlist the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a common task.”

And since leadership in today’s terms simply might mean a leader for an hour, day or what ever the situation specifically calls for. Leadership can have so many different meanings to so many different people. As an example, there is a controversy weather leadership is to be viewed as a specialized role or, shared in the process of influencing?

Direct or indirect leadership and the ability of a military leader or CEO of a fortune 500 company to influence behavior and institute organizational change via direct Leadership by virtue of proximity to with-in his or her reach. And indirect leadership like cascading down the chain of command until it reaches the lowest and most distant level. Of course this would be difficult in some of todays organizational structures where instead of up and down organizational hierarchy, the organizational structure is horizontally structured.

Another method of defining leadership that I did not see in the text might be referred to as official and unofficial leadership roles. By that I mean, an organization will have a leader whose position is to influence and motivate individuals to complete a specific task and in a specific manner. That said, it is the unofficial leader… the guy who has been on the job for a number of years and knows the nuances of the task and business at hand, and will motivate and keep the group on track and on point. It is those individuals who the official leader must rely on to indirectly motivate and nurture the group toward a positive outcome.      

The conflict was the need to accomplish a modification to an existing satellite communication system already installed on an aircraft, although a Design Engineering Representative (DER) had not approved the modification. This in itself was not the crux of the problem since our internal engineers had designed and submitted the modification for approval. The true conflict, was when the modification was not approved by the DER due to another unrelated issue, this rendered the aircraft un-airworthy due to an incomplete modification. The role of quality and safety, and the responsibility for oversight of a properly modified and legally configured modification capable of being returned to service in a safe and legal manner was mine to bear.

The other stakeholders were the science and engineering division who created the modification, flight operations responsible for operating the aircraft, the maintenance department responsible for the total airworthiness of all aircraft and the DER responsible for the approval and subsequent routing of all documentation to the FAA.

The result was many stakeholders wiliness to overlook not only our standard safety practices, but also those of our governing body the FAA. Many stakeholders attempted to override my stand fast decision to keep the aircraft in an un-airworthy condition until the modification was either removed in its entirety and the aircraft returned to the original configuration or wait until the DER submits the approved data.

The room for improvement would and was realized by the other stakeholders that safety policies and procedures are in-place for not only the safety of those in the aircraft but also those around the aircraft. The true source of the conflict was that other stakeholders were worried about losing test range time for another scientific package due for operational testing and evaluation and, the willingness to overlook policies, procedures and regulations in order to get the aircraft to the testing range.

It was only after the local FAA was contacted that individual’s agreement with me in my analysis and course of action did the stakeholders realize the seriousness of the current situation. It is important to point out that at no time was the aircraft in jeopardy of operating in an unsafe manner; it would have been operating in a manner counter to policies, procedures and a legal manner.

The other issue discussed after this incident, was that it should not be necessary to involve outside entities to prove a point, or stop a momentum, which could set precedent for future poor decisions, all in the name of timing or expedience. It was realized that there is a purpose for in-place checks and balances and that attempting to ignore, discount or re-interpret sound and prudent policies, procedures and regulations is counterproductive in time and the safe operation of aircraft.

As a result of this incident, it was decided the operation would stand-up a much needed Change Configuration Team (CCT.) The purpose of the CCT was to assess the work or modification to be accomplished, the approval of modifications and specifications, and the regulatory requirements that needed to be addressed prior to any work commencing. And an Estimated Time of Completion (ETIC,) would be required and again approved prior to work commencing along with its impact the modification scheduled may have with any scheduled mission(s). The team would also assess if the scheduled modification was necessary for any upcoming scheduled mission(s) or could the modification be deferred until scheduled aircraft down time, and could the modification be accommodated into the down time?

The CCT took the better part of two months of policy review and revisions, before a mutually acceptable document was sent for approval. The mutually agreeable caveat was that safety and quality would never be disregarded in order to meet customer needs or mission demands. In other words… like all aviation maintenance, it is the maintenance that drives the mission and not the mission driving the maintenance.


Wednesday, February 19, 2014

A632.6.3.RB_LarsonKurt, The High Cost of Conflict

Reflect on a personal or business situation in which the cost of conflict was significantly greater than you would've preferred. Analyze the situation in relation to Stewart Levine's 10 principles of new thinking (p. 46). How would this have changed the situation? Could it have reduced the cost of conflict? What lessons did you learn from this exercise?

Having been employed with the US Government (USG) for well over 30 years in both military and civilian capacities. My family and I have had the occasion to relocate various times. Some moves are good and some are not so good. I should clarify what exactly I am referring to as “moves”. It is not necessarily the relocation or the setting-up of a new household in a new town, school and work environment that can be a source of a fostering conflict as discussed in Levine (2009). But the relocation package inclusive of a prestigious Reality, Mortgage and Moving companies. As stated earlier, some moves are good and some not so good.

One particular relocation in-which the Reality company eventually purchased our home for a fair market value passing us to the Mortgage company for home purchase in our new location. Both quickly became Problems, Issues and Emotions as dealing with third party vendors on opposite sides of the Continental U.S. with differing time zones and business practices, we quickly learned the Reality and Mortgage companies although working out of like offices were considered to be separate entities and their fore some of the relocation packaging incentives were not to be offered.

Levine (2009,) Discusses Fostering Conflict and Fostering Sustainable Collaboration, we as the customers were quickly lost in the transactions of the business environment with our needs not being met. The conflicts became so intense as we tried to negotiate and resolve the conflict that my health (thought I was going to have a heart attack) was in question.

We should have deferred to Logic as defined by Levine (2009,) in so much as to rely upon our feelings and intuition to cease the unmanageable business contract and go with our own Mortgage Company that we have utilized for previous relocations. They know us; our needs and personnel information was valued and kept in confidence, unlike the current situation.

We decided that the next relocation we would apply the teachings of Levine (2009,) of relying on our feelings and intuitions as a factor for our own personal resolution of a smooth and amicable relocation, and use it as a sounding board in determining that the resolution has been met to OUR satisfaction… even if it costs us of of pocket, the wasting of resources, time, money, stress and conflict as stated in Levine (2009). The wastes of resources in resolving the inevitable conflicts that surface are not worth the monetary savings, which are a tax deduction after the fact.

Reference:


Levine, S. (2009). Getting to resolution. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler. DOI: www.bkconnection.com

Friday, February 14, 2014

A632.5.5.RB_LarsonKurt, Protected Values in Decision Making

Reflect on the concept map that you created in the previous exercise and consider the Dan Gilbert video from module one. Discuss your protected values and how far you are willing to go to support those values. Explore the level of protection associated with each of your major values identified in the concept map and detail your thoughts on each. Finally, discuss how those protected values would influence your decision-making.

Todays complex web of decisions and decision-making processes can be further skewed through thoughts of grandeur, greed, getting ahead at any and all costs including the slippery slope and often rhetoric or ethical values that can appear from the onset as noble and/or honorable, however, once the dust has settled and the newness of an action, joint venture or proposal we might simply have buyers remorse.

Early realization that in all factions of a work/life scenario, the better the decisions one makes in the present, the better strategically those decisions can be utilized on the future, in other words one must be fully cognizant of decisions created today out of haste or emotion can certainly become an impediment or haunt in the future (Hoch, (2001).

My concept map is outlined with the three attributes that are important to my well-being and have served me well in the success of my business and personal life. They have never been open for interpretation, adjustments or negotiation. One could  (and probably should) surmise that I am rigid in my convictions and I am quite certain that those same convictions have caused me promotions in both my military and civilian career, and have been determining factors in past relationships. I am of the “Whole Man” concept, whereby my actions, commitments and outcomes are for the most part are of a predetermined destiny based my belief in the following:

Strong moral compass: I am the strong leader who sticks by individuals first and foremost, knows the correct path to travel even if not the popular one, sleep well at night knowing the correct and prudent thing was accomplished.

Something that is not advertised in todays working environment, is that leaders and managers are a support system for those with whom they manage. A leader should always set the bar having an innate responsibility to support those with whom they lead… first and foremost.

Integrity above all: Dependability to those that surround me, creditability in my actions and words, honesty in work/life actions.

Kind of a non-brainer, one should always reflect upon ones action as to how the would look on the front page of the Wall Street Journal. If a decision, action, or consequence can pass that litmus test, you should be golden.

Being prepared: Preparation for civil unrest and tyranny in government, being mentally awake, morally straight and physically capable, Preparation for retirement.

This equates to never having to rely on something that may never come. In other words, why place ones’ well-being, success or security of ones family on a policy or program that is based upon risk. Reliance and responsibility for ones actions and outcomes are what make strong and independent individuals who have the intestinal fortitude to get going when the going gets tough.

These protected values have a direct influence upon my decision making process in my work/life relationships and decisions. The decisions I make today do have a direct and coloration effect upon my future and its positive outcome. My parental influence, scouting, religious beliefs, masonic affiliation and military service have all had a direct and positive effect for me to stand my ground, even if it was the unpopular thing, and has gained me the respect of my friends and enemies alike.  

References

Gilbert, D. (Performer). (2005, July) Why we make bad decisions [Web Video]. Retrieved from www.TED.com


Hoch, S., Kunreuther, H., & Gunther, R. (2001). Wharton on Making decisionsdoi:www.wiley.com

Tuesday, February 4, 2014

A632.4.5.RB_LarsonKurt, Deception in Negotiations

During the course of negotiations, people often misrepresent information to gain at least a temporary advantage. For example, a seller may fabricate existence of another interested buyer or a buyer may misrepresent the price and availability of an item from a different vendor. Reflect on deceptions in negotiations and describe four ways to evaluate information during negotiations.

One topic that is not discussed in Hoch (2001,) is rhetoric and its uses that I believe have a place for discussion as to how an individual(s) with the tact of rhetoric and skill as a negotiator utilize either to convince or deceive those who are unwary of the tricks of the trade.  Aristotelian rhetoric has been a matter of history and not simply the philosophy of rhetoric for two millennia (Rapp, 2008, pg.2).  By the very definition of rhetoric or more importantly, the rhetorician as an individual whom is able view what is persuasive (Rapp, 2008, pg.2).

Consequently rhetoric simply put the ability to envision what may be persuasive in a given situation, location, or to a group of people. So, rhetoric can have the distinct disadvantage of serving two masters. Aristotle himself concedes that rhetoric on one hand can be misused, as all goods except virtue. He [Aristotle] goes on to say that the risks of misuse are outweighed by the benefits that can be accomplished, kind of an early day risk assessment if you will (Rapp, 2008, pg.6). 

As discussed in Hoch (2001,) negotiators can be known to misrepresent themselves and their reservation prices, intentions, interests and material facts.

As example, reservation pricing, automobile salesmen and the age-old situation whereby the salesman is going out on a limb with his boss to get you the pricing you two have negotiated upon, at the salesmen’s expense. My opinion of this as conveyed to many a salesman and merchant is simply: if you must go out on a limb or risk getting into trouble with the boss, then you are not accomplishing your job correctly. That generally ends the conversation and my decision to buy from this individual.

Another example discussed in Hoch (2001,) is interests and/or intentions whereby an individual or group intentions and interests are misrepresented by them or a negotiator without full disclosure. For example in Alabama a seller of a house need only disclose defects that are structural in nature and not the fact that the house may sit on land that is known for sinkholes. Again the intentions are to sell the house, get it off their hands; the negotiator may or may-not disclose these known facts because he or she wants their commission.

When we built a house South of Birmingham years ago, we decided upon both earthquake and sinkhole insurance… who’s to say after the fact which actually caused structural damage, the earth quake or the subsequent sink-hole?

Material facts the final method of evaluating information during negotiations can be described as discussed in Hoch (2001,) lies that can constitute fraud, or, “known misrepresentation” of the facts that eventually causes damage are unacceptable in any way, shape or form.

In these instances the prudent individual follows the methodology of the 40th President of the United States, Ronald Wilson Reagan. “Trust but verify”.
    
Relate an example of a recent negotiation in which you have been misled and one in which you may have overstated a claim; define how far you would be willing to go to leverage your position. 

Recently a coworker with whom I had some preconceived trusts issues misled me. We were working on a potentially volatile situation with some possible political ramifications that were of a contentious nature. As suspected the individual was playing both sides with the endgame of landing in the other court at my expense. As time progressed I could feel the slippery slope as the situation was coming to a head. I decided on seeking legal advice (at my own expense and incognito) and received some very prudent advice on just how to state my position and rational, which I did, also overstating my claim just enough to have some give or wiggle room, all-the-while it caught my now opponent off guard and with-out a safe place to land.

While this scenario would not have been my first choice, it was necessary from several fronts. To establish my ground as someone to be reckoned with and who will seek outside and factual advice, and subsequently that I do not tolerate the antics of slippery slopes or fence straddlers.   

References

Hoch, S., Kunreuther, H., & Gunther, R. (2001). Wharton on Making decisionsdoi:www.wiley.com


Rapp, Christof, "Aristotle's Rhetoric", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (winter 2008 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2008/entries/aristotle-rhetoric